Softskill Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2 First Task due on 17tn March 2018
Who Is Warren Buffett?
Born in Nebraska in 1930, Warren Buffett demonstrated keen
business abilities at a young age. He formed Buffett Partnership Ltd. in 1956,
and by 1965 he had assumed control of Berkshire Hathaway. Overseeing the growth
of a conglomerate with holdings in the media, insurance, energy and food and
beverage industries, Buffett became one of the world's richest men and a
celebrated philanthropist.
Early Life
Businessman and investor. Born Warren Edward Buffett on August
30, 1930, in Omaha, Nebraska. Buffett's father, Howard, worked as stockbroker
and served as a U.S. congressman. His mother, Leila Stahl Buffett, was a
homemaker. Buffett was the second of three children and the only boy.
Buffett demonstrated a knack for financial and business matters
early in his childhood. Friends and acquaintances have said the young boy was a
mathematical prodigy who could add large columns of numbers in his head, a
talent he occasionally demonstrated in his later years.
Warren often visited his father's stockbrokerage shop as a
child, and chalked in the stock prices on the blackboard in the office. At 11 years old he made his first
investment, buying three shares of Cities Service Preferred at $38 per share. The stock quickly dropped to only $27, but
Buffett held on tenaciously until they reached $40. He sold his shares at a
small profit, but regretted the decision when Cities Service shot up to nearly
$200 a share. He later cited this experience as an early lesson in patience in
investing.
First Entrepreneurial Venture
By
the age of 13, Buffett was running his own businesses as a paperboy and selling
his own horseracing tip sheet. That
same year, he filed his first tax return, claiming his bike as a $35 tax
deduction.
In 1942, Buffett's father was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, and his
family moved to Fredricksburg, Virginia, to be closer to the congressman's new
post. Buffett attended Woodrow Wilson High School in Washington, D.C.,
where he continued plotting new ways to make money. During his high school
tenure, he and a friend purchased a used pinball machine for $25. They
installed it in a barbershop, and within a few months the profits enabled them
to buy other machines. Buffett owned machines in three different locations
before he sold the business for $1,200.
Higher Education and Early Career
Buffett enrolled at the University of Pennsylvania at the age of
16 to study business. He stayed two years, moved to the University of Nebraska
to finish up his degree, and emerged from college at age 20 with nearly $10,000
from his childhood businesses.
Influenced by Benjamin Graham's 1949 book, The
Intelligent Investor, Buffett enrolled at Columbia Business School to study
under the acclaimed economist and investor. After earning his master's degree
in 1951, he sold securities for Buffett-Falk & Company for three years,
then worked for his mentor for two years as an analyst at Graham-Newman
Corp.
In 1956, Buffet formed the firm Buffett Partnership Ltd. in his
hometown of Omaha. Utilizing the techniques learned from Graham, he was
successful in identifying undervauled companies and became a millionaire.
One such enterprise Buffett valued was a textile company named Berkshire
Hathaway. He began accumulating stock in the early 1960s, and by 1965 he
had assumed control of the company.
Business Empire
Despite the success of Buffett Partnership, its founder
dissolved the firm in 1969 to focus on the development of Berkshire Hathaway.
He phased out its textile manufacturing division, instead expanding the company
by buying assets in media (The Washington Post), insurance (GEICO) and
oil (Exxon). Immensely successful, the "Oracle of Omaha" even
managed to spin seemingly poor investments into gold, most notably with his
purchase of scandal-plagued Salomon Brothers in 1987.
Following Berkshire Hathaway's significant investment in
Coca-Cola, Buffett became director of the company from 1989 until 2006. He has
also served as director of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings, Graham
Holdings Company and The Gillette Company.
Recent Activity and Philanthropy
In June 2006, Buffett made
an announcement that he would be giving his entire fortune away to charity,
committing 85 percent of it to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This donation became the largest act of
charitable giving in United States history. In 2010, Buffett and Gates
announced they had formed The Giving Pledge campaign to recruit more
wealthy individuals for philanthropic causes.
In 2012, Buffett disclosed that he had been diagnosed with
prostate cancer. He began undergoing radiation treatment in July, and
successfully completed his treatment in November.
The health scare did little to slow the octogenarian, who
annually ranks near the top of the Forbes world billionaires
list. In February 2013, Buffett purchased H. J. Heinz with private equity group
3G Capital for $28 billion. Later additions to the Berkshire Hathaway stable
included battery maker Duracell and Kraft Foods Group, which merged with
Heinz in 2015 to form the third-largest food and beverage company in North
America.
Warren Buffett at a Town Hall rally for Democratic presidential
candidate Hillary Clinton at Sokol Auditorium on December 16, 2015 in Omaha,
Nebraska. (Photo: Steve
Pope/Getty Images)
In 2016, Buffett launched Drive2Vote, a website aimed at
encouraging people in his Nebraska community to exercise their right to vote,
as well as to assist in registering and driving voters to a polling location if
they needed a ride.
A vocal supporter of Democratic presidential nominee Hillary
Clinton, whom he’d endorsed in 2015, Buffett also challenged
the Republican nominee, Donald Trump,
to meet and share their tax returns. "I will meet him in Omaha or
Mar-a-Lago or, he can pick the place, anytime between now and election, he said
at an August 1 rally in Omaha. "I'll bring my return, he'll bring his
return. We're both under audit. And believe me, nobody's going to stop us from
talking about what's on those returns." Trump did not accept the offer,
and his refusal to share his returns ultimately did not prevent his election to
the presidency in 2016.
In May 2017, Buffett revealed that he had begun selling some of
the approximately 81 million shares he owned in IBM stock, noting that he did
not value the company as highly as he did six years earlier. Following another
sale in the third quarter, his stake in the company dropped to about 37
million shares. On the flip side, he increased his investment in Apple by
3 percent, and became Bank of America's largest shareholder by exercising
warrants for 700 million shares. Early the following year, he added more Apple
shares to make it Berkshire Hathaway's largest common stock investment.
Healthcare Venture
On January 30, 2018, Berkshire Hathaway, JPMorgan Chase and
Amazon delivered a joint press release in which they announced plans to team up
and form a new healthcare company for their U.S. employees.
According to the release, the yet-to-be-named company will be
"free from profit-making incentives and constraints" as it tries to
find ways to cut costs and improve the overall process for patients, with an
initial focus on technology solutions.
Calling the swelling costs of healthcare a "hungry tapeworm
on the American economy," Buffett said, "We share the belief that
putting our collective resources behind the country’s best talent can, in time, check the rise in health
costs while concurrently enhancing patient satisfaction and outcomes."
Source:
https://www.biography.com/people/warren-buffett-9230729
1. What tenses are used in the article? (show the proof)
Answer : this article used simple past continous tense
Proof : At 11 years old he made his
first investment, buying three shares of Cities Service Preferred
at $38 per share.
2. Restate one sentence in the article into gerund / to +
infinitive
Answer : In June 2006, Buffett made an announcement that he
would be giving his entire fortune away to charity, committing 85 percent of it to the Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation.
In June 2006, Buffett made an announcement that he would be
giving his entire fortune away to charity, to commite 85 percent of it to the Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation.
3. Show a use of personal pronouns or possessive pronouns or
reflexive pronouns in the article.
Answer : House of Representatives, and his family moved to
Fredricksburg, Virginia, to be closer to the congressman's new post.
Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis "CV"
CURRICULUM
VITAE (CV)
I. Personal Information
Name : Novia Syafitri
Age :
21th
Place and Date Birth :
Curup, November 18, 1996
Address :
Jl. Cengkeh II No. 05, Beji, Depok
Religion :
Islam
Status :
Single
Sex :
Female
Nationality : Indonesia
Email :
novia123@gmail.com
Phone number : 085321234567
II. Formal Education
2002-2004 : TK Pertiwi Curup
2004-2009 : SD Negeri 08 Curup
2009-2012 : SMP Negeri 5 Curup
2012-2013 : SMA Negeri 4 Curup
2013-2015 : SMA Negeri 1 Babat Toman
2015-Sekarang :
S1-Akuntansi Universitas Gunadarma
III. Non Formal Education
1. MYOB Accounting
2. Capital Market Schools by PT. Valbury Sekuritas
3. Zahir Accounting
4. Capital Market General Lecture by Universitas
Gunadarma
IV. Organisational Experience
2009 : Paskibraka SMP Negeri 5 Curup
2010-2012 :
Basket Club SMP Negeri 5 Curup
2016 – 2017 : Staff Publikasi KSPM Universitas Gunadarma
Depok
2016 – now :
Staff Dokumentasi KSPM Universitas Gunadarma Depok
Other Skills :
1. Microssoft Office
2. Zahir
3. MYOB
Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis "Application Letter"
Depok,
Nov 28, 2017
To,
Chief of
Personnel of Bank Mandiri
Jl. Margonda
Raya No. 2
DEPOK
With respect,
Based on the advertisement that is
published on daily “Wartakota” date November 20, 2017 about the need of
Financial Consultant int the company Mr/Mrs lead, so i submit a job application
letter to fill the vacancy. My identify is a follows:
Name : Novia Syafitri
Place and Date
of Birth : Curup, November 18,
1996
Address : Jl. Cengkeh II No. 05, Beji, Depok
Sex :
Female
Phone Number :
085321234567
With this cover letter, I enclose
Curriculum Vitae for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you
soon. I will be available for interview at your convenience.
Sincerely
yours,
Novia Syafitri
Kontrak dalam Bisnis
Kontrak
dalam Bisnis
A.
PENGERTIAN
KONTRAK
Kontrak berasal dari istilah perjanjian,
dalam bahasa Inggris disebut “Contract Of
Law” dalam bahasa Belanda disebut “Overenkomst”.
Hukum kontrak adalah sebagai aturan yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan
perjanjian atau persetujuan. (Michael D.
Bayles).
Kontrak adalah suatu perjanjian atau
serangkaian perjanjian dimana hukum memberikan ganti rugi terhadap wanprestasi
dari kontrak tersebut dan oleh hukum, pelaksanaan dari kontrak tersebut
dianggap merupakan suatu tugas yang harus dilaksanakan.
B.
PENERAPAN
KONTRAK STANDAR DALAM BISNIS PERDAGANGAN
Kontak standar merupakan perjanjian yang
ditetapkan secara sepihak yakni oleh produsen/penyalur produk (penjual) dan
mengandung ketentuan yang berlaku umum (massal), sehingga pihak lain (konsumen)
hanya memiliki 2 pilihan yakni menyetujui atau menolaknya.
Definisi dari kontrak standar itu seniri
adalah kontrak tertulis yang dibuat hanya oleh satu pihak dan didalm kontrak
tersebut sudah tercetak dalam bentuk formulir-formulir tertentu oleh salah satu
pihak, yang dalam hal ini ketika kontak tersebut ditandatangani umumnya para
pihak hanya mengisikan data-data informative tersebut saja dengan sedikit atau
tanpa perubahan pada klausulanya, dimana pihak lain dalam kontrak tersebut
tidak mempunyai kesempatan atau hanya memiliki sedikit kesempatan guna
menegosiasi maupun mengubah klausula yang sudah dibuat oleh salah satu pihak
tersebut sehingga sangat berat sebelah.
Ciri
perjanjian baku menurut Mariam Darus Badrulzaman :
1. Isinya ditetapkan
pada pihak yang (ekonominya) kuat
2. Masyarat
(debitur) sama sekali tidak ikut serta bersama-sama menentukan isi perjanjian.
3. Terdorong
oleh kebutuhannya debitur terpaksa menerima perjanjian
4. Bentuk
tertentu (tertulis)
5. Dipersiapkan
secara kolektif
C.
CONTOH
KONTRAK yang SERING DILAKUKAN DALAM PRAKTEK
1. Kontrak
(polisi) asuransi
2. Kontrak di
bidang perbankan
3. Kontrak sewa
guna usaha
4. Kontrak jual
beli rumah atau apartement dari perusahaan Real Esate
5. Kontrak
sewa-menyewa gedung perkantoran
6. Kontrak
pembuatan credit card
7. Kontrak
pengiriman barang (darat, laut dan udara).
Para pihak dapat mengatur apapun dalam
kontrak tersebut sebatas yang tidak dilarang oleh undang-undang, Yurisprudensi
atau keputusan. Jadi yang dimaksud asas kebebasan berkontrak ialah suatu asas
dimana para pihak bebas membuat kontrak dan mengatur isi kontrak tersebut
sepanjang memenuhi syarat sbb :
1. Memenuhi
syarat sebagai Kontrak
2. Tidak
bertentangan dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku
3. Sesuai
dengan kebiasaan yang berlaku
4. Sepanjang
kontrak tersebut dilaksankan dengan itikad baik.
D.
ASAS HUKUM
DALAM PERJANJIAN/KONTRAK
Di dalam hukum kontak dikenal lima asas
penting, yaitu, asas kebebasan berkontrak, asas konsesnualisme, asas pacta sunt
serveda, asas itikad baik, dan asas kepribadian :
1.
Asas
Kebebasan Berkontrak
Asas kebebasan berkontak terlihat di dalam
pasal 1338 KUHP yang menyebutkan bahwa segala sesuatu perjannjian yang di buat
adalah sah bagi para pihak yang membuatnya dan berlaku sebagai undang-undang
bagi mereka yang membuatnya.
Asas kebebasan berkontrak adalah suayu asas
yang memberikan kebebasan kepada para pihak untuk :
a. Membuat atau
tidak membuat perjanjian;
b. Mengadakan
perjanjian dengan siapa pun;
c. Menentukan
isi perjnajian, pelaksanaan, dan persyaratan;
d. Menentukan
bentuk perjanjian, tertulis dan lisan.
2.
Asas
Konsesualisme
Asa konsesualisme, artinya perjanjian itu
lahir pada saat tercpainya kata sepakat antara para pihak mengenai hal-hal yang
pokok dan tidak memerlukan sesuatu formalitas.
Dengan demikian, asas konsesualisme lazim
disimpulkan dalam Pasal 1320 KUHP. Untuk sahnya suatu perjanjian diperlukan
empat syarat adalah kata sepakat antara para pihak yang emngikat diri; cakap
untuk membuat suatu perjanjian; mengenai suatu hal tertentu; suatu sebab yang
halal.
Dengan demikian, jika dilihat dari
syarat-syarat sahnya suatu perjanjian maka dapat dibedakan menjadi dua bagian
dari suatu perjanjian itu tercipta :
a. Bagian Inti
(ensesial)
Bagian yang sifatnya harus ada didalam perjnajian. Sifat ini
menentukan atau menyebabkan perjanjian itu tercipta.
b. Bagian Bukan
Inti
Bagian bukan inti terdiri dari naturalia dan aksidentialia
1. Naturalia
adalah sifat yang dibawa oleh perjanjian sehingga secara diam-diam melekat pada
perjanjian, seperti menjamin tidak ada cacad dalam benda yang dijual.
2. Aksidentialia
adalah sifat melekat pada pernjanjian yang secara tegas diperjanjikan oleh para
pihak.
3.
Asas Pacta
Sunt Servanda
Asas pacta sunt servanda atau disebut juga
dengan asas kepastian hukum, merupakan asas bahwa hakim atau pihak ketiga harus
menghormati kontrak yang dibuat oleh para pihak, sebagaimana layaknya
undang-undang.
4.
Asas Itikad
Baik
Asas itikad baik merupakan asas yang menyakan
para pihak yang membuat kontak harus melaksanakan substansi kontrak berdasarkan
kepercyaan atau keyakinan yang teguh atau kemauan yang baik dari para pihak.
5.
Asas
Kepribadian
Asas kepribadian merupakan asas yang menentukan bahwa seseorang
yang akan melakukan dan atau membuat kontak hanya untuk kepentingan
perseorangan saja atau dirinya sendiri. Artinya perjanjian berlaku hanya untuk
para pihak pembuatnya saja.
E.
SYARAT
SAHNYA PERJANJIAN/KONTRAK
1.
Adanya kesepakatan Kehendak (Consensus, Agreement)
Dengan adanya syarat kesepakatan kehendak
dimaksudkan agar suatu kontrak dianggap sah oleh hukum, kedua belah pihak mesti
ada keeuaian pendapat tentang apa yang diatur oleh kontrak tersebut. Oleh hukum
umumnya diterima teori bahwa kesepakatan kehendak itu ada jika tidak terjadinya
:
a. Paksaan
b. Penipuan
c. Kesilapan
2.
Kecakapan
berbuat menurut hukum/wenang
Syarat wenang berbuat maksudnya adalah bahawa
pihak yang melakukan kontrak haruslah orang yang oleh hukum memang berwenang
membuat kontrak tersebut. Sebagaimana pada pasal 1330 KUHP menentukan bahwa
setiap orang adalah cakap untuk membuat perikatan kecuali undang-undang
menentukan bahwa ia tidak cakap.
3.
Obyek/
Perihal tertentu
Pasal 1332 KUHP menentukan bahwa “ hanya
baramg-barang yang dapat diperdagangkan saja dapat menjadi pokok suatu
perjanjian”
Pasal 1333 KUHP menentukan bahwa “suatu
perjanjian harus mempunyai sebagai pokok suatu barang yang paling sedikit
ditentukan jenisnya tidaklah menjadi halangan bahwa jumlah barang tidak tentu,
asal saja jumlah itu terkemudian dapat ditentukan/dihitung”.
4.
Kuasa yang
diperoleh/hala/legal
Maksudnya adalah bahawa suatu kontrak
haruslah dibuat dengan maksud/alasan yang sesuai hukum yang berlaku. Dan isi
perjanjian tidak dilarang oleh undang-undang atau tidak bertentangan dengan
kesusilaan/ketertiban umum (Pasal 1337 KUHP). Selain itu pasal 1335 KUHP juga
menentukan bahwa suatu perjanjian yang dibuat tanpa sebab atau dibuat karena
suatu sebab yang palsu atau terlarang adalah tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum.
F.
SYARAT
BATALNYA PERJANJIAN/KONTRAK
Pembatalan bosa dibedakan ke dalam 2 terminologi yang memiliki
konsekuensi Yuridis, yaitu;
1. Null and
Void, dari awal perjanjian itu telah batal, atau dianggap tidak pernah ada,
apabila syarat objektif tidak dipenuhi. Perjanjian itu batal demi hukum, dari
semula tidak pernah ada dilahirkan suatu perjanjian dan tidak pernah ada suatu
perikatan.
2. Voidable,
bisa salah satu syarat subyektif tidak dipenuhi, perjnajiannya bukannya batal
demi hukum, tetapi salh satu pihak dapat emmintakan pembatalan itu.
Perjnajiannya sendiri tetap mengikat kedua belah puhak, selama tidak dibatalkan
(oleh hakim) atas permintaan pihak yang berhak meminta pembatalan tadi (pihak
yang tidak capak atau pihak yang tidak memberikakn sepakatnya secara tidak
bebas).
sari, Elsi Kartika. Dan Advendi Simangunsong.
2008.Hukum dalam Ekonomi (Edisi Kedua). Jakarta; PT Grasindo
Abdulkadir Muhammad, 1990 “Hukum
Perikatan”, PT. Citra Aditya bhakti, Bandung 1990
http://www.gresnews.com/berita/tips/802310-asas-asas-hukum-kontrak/0/
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